Definition

1. Noun (History):
   • Tsar / Tzar / Czar: The title of the male ruler (emperor) of Russia before the 1917 revolution. It is the Vietnamese transliteration of the Russian title "царь".
   • Tsarina / Tzarina / Czarina: The title of the female ruler or the wife of a tsar. While "Nga hoàng" literally translates to "Russian emperor" (male), in historical context it is understood as referring to the office and its holders, including the female counterpart when specified.

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • Nga hoàng Pyotr Đại đế đã hiện đại hóa nước Nga. (Tsar Peter the Great modernized Russia.)
  • Triều đại của vị Nga hoàng cuối cùng kết thúc vào năm 1917. (The reign of the last Tsar ended in 1917.)
  • Bà ấy đang nghiên cứu về cuộc sống của các Nga hoàng. (She is researching the lives of the Tsars.)

Advanced Usage

• The term is used specifically in historical and academic contexts to discuss the Russian monarchy.
• It can be used metaphorically in literature or speech to describe a person with absolute, autocratic power.
  • Ông chủ đó như một Nga hoàng trong công ty của mình. (That boss is like a tsar in his own company.)

Variants and Related Words

• Sa hoàng: Another, less common Vietnamese transliteration for "Tsar".
• Nữ hoàng Nga: Specifically, the Russian Empress (can refer to a ruling empress like Catherine the Great).
• Hoàng đế Nga: A more direct translation for "Russian Emperor".

Synonyms

• Tsar / Czar: The emperor of Russia.
• Autocrat: A ruler with absolute power.
• Monarch: A sovereign head of state, especially a king, queen, or emperor.

Related Idioms

• While there are no direct Vietnamese idioms with "Nga hoàng", the concept is related to:
  • Quyền lực tuyệt đối: Absolute power (often associated with tsarist rule).
  • Chế độ chuyên chế: Autocratic regime.

1. (sử học) Tsar, tzar